Baghouse dust collectors are air pollution control devices that remove particulate matter from industrial gas streams. They use fabric filter bags to capture and separate dust particles from the air. There are 3 main types of baghouse dust collectors, each with its own design and application.
- Pulse Jet Baghouse
- Reverse Air Baghouse
- Shaker Baghouse
The choice of the baghouse type depends on factors such as the type and size of particulate matter, the volume and temperature of the gas stream, and the specific requirements of the industrial process. Each type has its advantages and limitations, and selecting the right one requires consideration of the specific conditions and demands of the application.
Pulse Jet Baghouse
A pulse jet baghouse is a type of industrial baghouse dust collector that utilizes filter bags to capture and remove dust and other particulate matter from gas streams. It distinguishes itself by employing intermittent bursts of compressed air to dislodge accumulated dust from the filter bags, ensuring continuous filtration efficiency.
Here’s an overview of how a pulse jet baghouse works:
- Dusty Gas Entry: The dirty gas stream enters the baghouse through an inlet duct. The heavier dust particles settle out of the gas stream and fall into a hopper at the bottom of the unit.
- Gas Flow through Filter Bags: The cleaner gas flows upward through the filter bags, which are typically made of synthetic fabrics. The dust particles are captured on the outside surface of the bags, forming a layer called a dust cake.
- Clean Gas Exit: The clean air continues through the bags (from the outside to the inside) and exits the baghouse through an outlet duct, typically reaching a desired level of cleanliness before being released into the atmosphere.
- Pulse Cleaning: To remove the dust cake from the bags, a series of compressed air pulses is injected into the filter bags. These pulses cause the bags to flex or expand, releasing the accumulated dust into the hopper at the bottom.
- Control System: A control system manages the timing and frequency of the pulse jet cleaning cycles. The system can be automated and adjusted based on factors such as airflow, pressure drop across the bags, or a predetermined time interval.
- Dust Disposal: The released dust falls into the hopper at the bottom of the baghouse. This hopper may have a discharge mechanism, such as a rotary valve or screw conveyor, to remove the collected dust for proper disposal or recycling.
Reverse Air Baghouse
A reverse air baghouse, also known as a reverse air dust collector, is a type of air pollution control device commonly used in industrial settings to remove particulate matter (dust) from air or gas streams. The basic principle behind its operation involves using reverse airflow to clean the filter bags, rather than relying on the more common pulse-jet cleaning method.
Here’s an overview of how a reverse air baghouse works:
- Dusty Gas Entry: The dirty gas stream enters the baghouse through an inlet duct. The heavier dust particles settle out of the gas stream and fall into a hopper at the bottom of the unit.
- Gas Flow through Filter Bags: The cleaner gas flows upward through the filter bags, which are typically made of synthetic fabrics. The dust particles are captured on the inside surface of the filter bags, forming a layer called a dust cake.
- Clean Gas Exit: The clean air continues through the bags (from the inside to the outside) and exits the baghouse through an outlet duct, typically reaching a desired level of cleanliness before being released into the atmosphere.
- Reverse Air Cleaning: As dust accumulates on the inside surface of the filter bags, it starts to impact the filtration performance. The filter bag cleaning process involves temporarily reversing the flow of air through the filter bags. This is achieved by redirecting a portion of the cleaned air back through the filter bags in the opposite direction (from the outside to the inside) to dislodge the accumulated dust. A fan or blower is used to create a reverse airflow. During the cleaning cycle, the inlet and outlet valves are adjusted to direct the air in the opposite direction through the filter bags. The reverse airflow causes the filter bags to flex or shake, dislodging the accumulated dust and allowing it to fall into the hopper at the bottom.
- Normal Filtration Resumes: After the cleaning cycle, the airflow is returned to its normal direction, and the filtration process resumes.
- Dust Disposal: The released dust falls into the hopper at the bottom of the baghouse. This hopper may have a discharge mechanism, such as a rotary valve or screw conveyor, to remove the collected dust for proper disposal or recycling.
Shaker Baghouse
A shaker baghouse, also known as a mechanical shaker dust collector, is a type of air pollution control device used to remove particulate matter (dust and other solid particles) from industrial processes, exhaust gases, and air streams. It is commonly employed in various industries such as manufacturing, mining, woodworking, and others where dust and pollutants are generated.
Here’s an overview of how a shaker baghouse works:
- Dusty Gas Entry: The dirty gas stream enters the baghouse through an inlet duct. The heavier dust particles settle out of the gas stream and fall into a hopper at the bottom of the unit.
- Gas Flow through Filter Bags: The cleaner gas flows upward through the filter bags, which are typically made of synthetic fabrics. The dust particles are captured on the inside surface of the bags, forming a layer called a dust cake.
- Clean Gas Exit: The clean air continues through the bags and exits the baghouse through an outlet duct, typically reaching a desired level of cleanliness before being released into the atmosphere.
- Shaker Cleaning: As dust accumulates on the inside surface of the filter bags, it starts to impact the filtration performance. The filter bag cleaning process involves a shaker system, which consists of a series of horizontal or vertical rods. Periodically, the shaker system is activated, causing the rods to shake or vibrate. This mechanical action dislodges the accumulated dust and particles from the inside surface of the filter bags. The dislodged dust falls into the hopper at the bottom of the baghouse.
- Control System: A control system manages the timing and frequency of the shaker cleaning cycles. The system can be automated and adjusted based on factors such as airflow, pressure drop across the bags, or a predetermined time interval.
- Dust Disposal: The released dust falls into the hopper at the bottom of the baghouse. This hopper may have a discharge mechanism, such as a rotary valve or screw conveyor, to remove the collected dust for proper disposal or recycling.
Comparison across Different Types of Baghouse Dust Collectors
| Feature | Pulse Jet Baghouse | Reverse Air Baghouse | Shaker Baghouse |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cleaning Mechanism | Pulses of compressed air | Reverse flow of air | Mechanical shaking of filter bags |
| Cleaning Efficiency | High | High | Moderate to High |
| Energy Consumption | Moderate to High | High | Moderate |
| Maintenance Frequency | Moderate | Moderate | High |
| Initial Cost | Moderate | High | Low to Moderate |
| Space Requirement | Moderate | High | Moderate |
| Dust Handling Capacity | High | High | Moderate |
| Design Flexibility | Good | Moderate | Good |
Please note that the information provided in the table is a generalization, and actual performance can vary based on specific design considerations and operating conditions. It’s essential to consult with dust filtration professionals for detailed and appliation specific information.
For More Information
Choosing the right dust collector requires careful consideration of the specific needs and budget. It’s important to evaluate the type of dust, required efficiency, airflow rate, available space, and maintenance requirements before making a decision. Contact Aokai Environtec for more information about the dust collector selection for your dust filtration applications.
